Chelladurai P, Saleh S D
Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1979 Jun;4(2):172-7.
The proposition that an athlete's personality and the attributes of the task tend to be congruent was the focus of the study. One hundred and fifty athletes of a Canadian University (Males=87; Females-63) voluntarily participated in the study. Sports were classified on the basis of task dependence (independent versus interdependent), and task variability (closed versus open). The scales of Autonomy, Cognitive Structure, Dominance and Impulsivity were selected from the Personality Research Form. The 2X2X2 analysis of variance (two levels in each of sex, dependence and variability) did not yield consistent support for the notion of person-task congruence in sports. The hypotheses relating Cognitive Structure, Dominance, and Impulsivity to task attributes were confirmed in the case of males only. The finding that athletes in closed sports were significantly more autonomous than athletes in open sports was expected. However, contrary to the hypothesis, the interdependent athletes were significantly more autonomous than independent athletes. The hypothesis that males and females from the same sport would be similar in personality was not confirmed. The problem of classifying some sports tasks on the selected attributes and the need to test the congruency hypothesis with athletes of sufficiently lengthy and equal tenure in competitive athletics were stressed.
运动员的个性与任务属性往往相互匹配这一命题是该研究的重点。一所加拿大大学的150名运动员（男性87名；女性63名）自愿参与了这项研究。运动项目根据任务依赖性（独立与相互依赖）和任务可变性（封闭与开放）进行分类。自主性、认知结构、支配性和冲动性量表是从《人格研究表》中选取的。方差的2×2×2分析（性别、依赖性和可变性各有两个水平）并未对运动中人与任务匹配的概念提供一致支持。仅在男性中，认知结构、支配性和冲动性与任务属性之间的假设得到了证实。封闭性运动项目的运动员比开放性运动项目的运动员自主性更强这一发现在意料之中。然而，与假设相反，相互依赖型运动员比独立型运动员自主性更强。来自同一项运动的男性和女性在个性上会相似这一假设未得到证实。强调了根据所选属性对某些运动任务进行分类的问题，以及对在竞技体育中具有足够长且相等任期的运动员测试匹配假设的必要性。
