Kohler E
Diabetes Care. 1978 Jan-Feb;1(1):64-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.1.1.64.
Semiquantitative methods for measurement of glucose in the urine are useful for monitoring glucose homeostasis in subjects with diabetes mellitus where quantitative blood and urine glucose measurements are not available. The use of a "plus" scale for glucose measurement is confusing because the same plus values are assigned to different quantities of glucose with different methods. The two-drop Clinitest method is the most quantifiable and readable test for urine sugar, particularly if there is high sugar spill. Therefore, it is the most useful method for monitoring insulin-dependent juvenile diabetes. Its major disadvantages are its potential toxicity, the cumbersome methodology, the cost, and the possibility of interference from other reducing substances. The enzyme "dipstick" methods are most sensitive for detecting the presence of glucose. Among the available "dipstick" methods, Diastix is the most quantifiable and readable. These methods are inhibited by the presence of ketones and a number of other substances. Tes-Tape is the least expensive and, where there are inhibiting substances, the most useful, because it can be read at the liquid front where the glucose reaction is chromatographically separated. Clinistix and Chemstrip are essentially screening methods for the presence of glucose and not useful for quantification. Basing therapy on these and other plus values is irrational and should be discontinued.
尿液中葡萄糖测量的半定量方法对于监测糖尿病患者的葡萄糖稳态很有用，尤其是在无法进行定量血液和尿液葡萄糖测量的情况下。使用“加号”量表测量葡萄糖会造成混淆，因为不同方法会将相同的加号值赋予不同量的葡萄糖。两滴Clinitest法是最可量化且最易读数的尿糖检测方法，特别是在尿糖溢出量高时。因此，它是监测胰岛素依赖型青少年糖尿病最有用的方法。其主要缺点是潜在毒性、方法繁琐、成本高以及可能受到其他还原物质的干扰。酶“试纸”法对检测葡萄糖的存在最为敏感。在现有的“试纸”法中，Diastix是最可量化且最易读数的。这些方法会受到酮类和许多其他物质的抑制。Tes-Tape最便宜，在存在抑制物质的情况下最有用，因为它可以在葡萄糖反应通过色谱分离的液面前端读数。Clinistix和Chemstrip本质上是检测葡萄糖存在的筛查方法，对定量无用。基于这些及其他加号值进行治疗是不合理的，应予以停止。
