Cohen D J, Dibble E, Grawe J M
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1977 Apr;34(4):445-51. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770160079006.
Mothers and fathers rated their interaction with twin children on the Parent's Report (PR) questionnaire containing two scales-how the parent actually relates and how the ideal parent would relate. Mothers and fathers differed in parental style. Mothers perceived themselves as being profoundly more child-centered; fathers perceived themselves as using more control through arousal of guilt and anxiety. Parents asserted more control through temper and detachment with same-sex children. Boys and girls and monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins did not receive distinctly different parenting. Parents described MZ children as much more similar than DZ children but acted similarly with children in both types of twinships. Parental knowledge of zygosity did not affect the way the parents treated children. These findings suggest the relative importance of genetic contributions to behavioral similarity in MZ twins.
父母们在《父母报告》（PR）问卷上对他们与双胞胎孩子的互动进行了评分，该问卷包含两个量表——父母实际的相处方式以及理想父母的相处方式。父母在育儿方式上存在差异。母亲们认为自己更以孩子为中心；父亲们则认为自己更多地通过引发内疚和焦虑来实施控制。父母对同性孩子更多地通过发脾气和疏离来施加控制。男孩和女孩以及同卵（MZ）和异卵（DZ）双胞胎并没有受到明显不同的养育方式。父母们描述MZ双胞胎比DZ双胞胎更为相似，但对两种类型双胞胎中的孩子行为表现相似。父母对双胞胎类型的了解并不影响他们对待孩子的方式。这些发现表明了基因对MZ双胞胎行为相似性的相对重要贡献。
