Stepanas A V, Samaan N A, Schultz P N, Holoye P Y
Cancer. 1978 Jan;41(1):369-76. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197801)41:1<369::aid-cncr2820410150>3.0.co;2-y.
Prolactin (PRL), human placental lactogen (hPL), the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (betahCG), testosterone (T), estrone (E1), and estradiol (E2) were measured in blood samples from 45 patients with testicular tumors, 27 of whom had gynecomastia at some stage of their disease. Forty-two of the 45 patients had at least one abnormal hormone level. The most common abnormality was that of plasma estrone: it was elevated in 32 out of 42 (76%) patients in whom it was measured, suggesting a useful role for E1 as a testicular tumor marker. Prognosis was notably worse in patients with embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, and choriocarcinoma, in those with gynecomastia and, particularly, galactorrhea. Such patients also had the highest incidence of hormonal abnormalities as well as the most extreme absolute values. Hormonal mechanisms were implicated in the development of gynecomastia and galactorrhea. Prolactin, betahCG, E1, and E2 levels in all permutations correlated significantly among patients with gynecomastia, but not among those without, while estrogen to testosterone ratios were elevated in patients with galactorrhea.
在45例睾丸肿瘤患者的血样中检测了催乳素（PRL）、人胎盘催乳素（hPL）、人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基（βhCG）、睾酮（T）、雌酮（E1）和雌二醇（E2）。其中27例在疾病的某个阶段出现了男性乳房发育。45例患者中有42例至少有一项激素水平异常。最常见的异常是血浆雌酮：在检测的42例患者中有32例（76%）升高，提示E1作为睾丸肿瘤标志物有一定作用。胚胎癌、畸胎癌和绒毛膜癌患者、有男性乳房发育尤其是伴有溢乳的患者预后明显较差。这类患者激素异常的发生率也最高，且绝对值最为极端。激素机制与男性乳房发育和溢乳的发生有关。在有男性乳房发育的患者中，PRL、βhCG、E1和E2的所有组合水平之间均显著相关，而在无男性乳房发育的患者中则不然，而有溢乳的患者中雌激素与睾酮的比值升高。
