Content and subcellular localization of catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine in human and animal blood platelets: monoamine distribution between platelets and plasma.

1 The content of adrenaline (Ad), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine was measured in human, guinea-pig, cat, rabbit and rat blood platelets by a highly sensitive and specific radioenzymatic method.2 In all platelet specimens analyzed, the content of the three catecholamines (CA) was several thousand times lower than that of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).3 In basal conditions, the NA concentration in platelets and plasma always exceeded that of Ad and dopamine.4 In rat and rabbit platelets, Ad, NA and dopamine were present only in the free (unconjugated) form.5 Platelets of rats with storage pool deficiency (Fawn-hooded) contained much less 5-HT and CA than normal rat platelets.6 Following restraint stress, platelets of Fawn-hooded rats, in contrast to normal rat platelets, did not accumulate CA in spite of a dramatic rise in plasma CA.7 Reserpine, a monoamine depletor, released CA as well as 5-HT from rabbit platelets in vivo.8 Subcellular fractionation experiments with rabbit platelets indicate that both CA and 5-HT are most concentrated in the fraction consisting of pure 5-HT organelles.9 Both in humans and rabbits the concentration gradient between platelets and plasma was much lower for CA than for 5-HT, indicating that a high affinity transport mechanism operates in vivo for 5-HT but not for CA.10 In conclusion, the present data show that both human and animal platelets contain Ad, NA and dopamine. The bulk of the CA seems to be stored as unconjugated amines together with 5-HT, histamine and p-octopamine in a multitransmitter storage site, namely the 5-HT organelle.