Enhanced antibody responses in active chronic hepatitis: relation to HLA-B8 and HLA-B12 and porto-systemic shunting.

Titres of antibodies to rubella, measles, smooth muscle, nuclei, and Escherichia coli were examined in relation to the presence of particular histocompatibility antigens in 57 patients with active chronic hepatitis, 8 of whom were HBsAg positive. With the exception of antibodies to E. Coli, the HBsAg-negative patients with HLA-B8 or HLA-B12 had higher titres than those with neither, and antibody titres were highest in the 7 cases with both these histocompatibility antigens. In contrast, E. coli antibody titres were not related to the presence of particular histocompatibility antigens but correlated closely with the degree of portosystemic shunting. None of the HBsAg-positive patients possessed HLA-B8, and titres of all the antibodies were significantly lower than in the HBsAg-negative cases. The increased antibody response in HBsAg-negative patients is likely to be due to a genetically determined increase in immunological responsiveness for which HLA-B8 and HLA-B12 are markers. The results obtained in healthy family members also suggest that this defect in immunoregulation is under polygenic control.