Miller N B, Zimmerman J
J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Sep;9(5):487-99. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-487.
In each of two experiments human subjects were intermittently reinforced with money on a fixed-ratio schedule for emitting correct matching responses. A pre-time-out stimulus which signaled removal of positive reinforcement was periodically superimposed. In the first experiment the superimposed pre-time-out stimulus was paired with a 1-min or 4-min response-independent time out. In the second experiment the pre-time-out stimulus was paired with a 1-min or 4-min time out contingent on the incorrect responses. The pre-time-out stimulus did not markedly influence performance when the time out was response independent. In contrast, the pre-time-out stimulus markedly suppressed incorrect responding when the time out was contingent on the incorrect responses. When duration of this time-out was increased from 1-min to 4-min, suppression of incorrect responding increased and correct responding was suppressed. Therefore, behavioral suppression by a pre-time-out stimulus was obtained only when the signaled aversive event-time out-was response produced. In this case, suppression was influenced by time-out duration.
在两项实验中，人类受试者按照固定比率程序，因做出正确匹配反应而间歇性地获得金钱奖励。一种预示着积极强化物移除的超时前刺激会定期叠加出现。在第一个实验中，叠加的超时前刺激与1分钟或4分钟的与反应无关的暂停时间配对。在第二个实验中，超时前刺激与基于错误反应的1分钟或4分钟暂停时间配对。当暂停时间与反应无关时，超时前刺激对表现没有显著影响。相比之下，当暂停时间基于错误反应时，超时前刺激显著抑制了错误反应。当这种暂停时间从1分钟增加到4分钟时，对错误反应的抑制增加，而正确反应受到抑制。因此，只有当预示的厌恶事件——暂停时间——是由反应产生时，才会出现由超时前刺激引起的行为抑制。在这种情况下，抑制受到暂停时间长短的影响。
