Onstad G R, Schoenfield L J, Higgins J A
J Clin Invest. 1967 Apr;46(4):606-14. doi: 10.1172/JCI105562.
The rates of fluid transfer across human gallbladders obtained at cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were determined by the measurement of weight changes of everted preparations under controlled conditions. Active transport of fluid from the mucosal to the serosal surface was indicated since weight gain occurred with the same solution on both sides of the membrane and against hydrostatic, osmotic, and potential differences. With respect to sodium, the fluid transferred was isotonic to the bathing solutions. Metabolic inhibitors and temperature extremes inhibited weight gain. In addition, muscle contractions in this in vitro preparation were related to the rates and direction of fluid movement. Cholecystokinin increased muscle activity and caused weight loss in preparations that previously had gained weight. Norepinephrine caused weight gain or increased weight gain in all preparations tested. The direction of net fluid movement in the isolated everted human gallbladder was determined by the opposing forces of active mucosal transport and a filtration pressure generated by muscle contractions.
通过测量在受控条件下外翻胆囊制剂的重量变化，确定了因胆结石行胆囊切除术时人体胆囊跨膜液体转运速率。由于膜两侧使用相同溶液且在存在静水压、渗透压和电位差的情况下重量增加，表明存在从黏膜表面到浆膜表面的液体主动转运。就钠而言，转运的液体与浴液等渗。代谢抑制剂和极端温度会抑制重量增加。此外，这种体外制剂中的肌肉收缩与液体移动的速率和方向有关。胆囊收缩素会增加肌肉活动，并导致之前增重的制剂减重。去甲肾上腺素在所有测试制剂中均导致体重增加或使体重增加幅度加大。在离体外翻人胆囊中，液体净移动方向由黏膜主动转运的相反作用力和肌肉收缩产生的滤过压决定。
