Harlap S, Shiono P H
Lancet. 1980 Jul 26;2(8187):173-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90061-6.
32,019 women completed a questionnaire on alcohol use at their first antenatal visit; thereafter they were followed to assess the incidence of spontaneous abortions. 51.7% reported drinking no alcohol in early pregnancy; 44.7% had less than 1 drink daily; and 2.4, 0.4, and 0.1% had an average of 1-2, 3-5, or more than 6 drinks respectively. Life-table analysis showed that the age-adjusted relative risks of second-trimester losses (15-27 weeks) were 1.03 (not significant: ns), 1.98 (p < .01), and 3.53 (p < .01) for women taking less than 1, 1-2, and more than 3 drinks daily, compared with non-drinkers. The corresponding relative risks for first-trimester losses (5-14 weeks) were 1.12 (ns), 1.15(ns), and 1.15(ns). Smokers had relative risks of 1.01(ns) and 1.21(ns) in the first and second trimesters, compared with non-smokers. The increased risk of second-trimester miscarriage in drinkers was not explained by age, parity, race, marital status, smoking, or the number of previous spontaneous or induced abortions. Thus alcohol may harm human fetuses not only when it is abused but also when taken in moderation.
32019名女性在首次产前检查时填写了饮酒情况问卷；此后对她们进行随访以评估自然流产的发生率。51.7%的女性报告在孕早期不饮酒；44.7%的女性每天饮酒量少于一杯；2.4%、0.4%和0.1%的女性平均每天分别饮酒1 - 2杯、3 - 5杯或超过6杯。生命表分析显示，与不饮酒者相比，每天饮酒少于1杯、1 - 2杯和超过3杯的女性，孕中期（15 - 27周）流产的年龄调整相对风险分别为1.03（无显著差异：ns）、1.98（p < 0.01）和3.53（p < 0.01）。孕早期（5 - 14周）流产的相应相对风险分别为1.12（ns）、1.15（ns）和1.15（ns）。吸烟者孕早期和孕中期的相对风险与非吸烟者相比分别为1.01（ns）和1.21（ns）。饮酒者孕中期流产风险增加不能用年龄、产次、种族、婚姻状况、吸烟情况或既往自然流产或人工流产次数来解释。因此，酒精不仅在滥用时可能危害人类胎儿，适度饮酒时也可能如此。
