Pearn J, Nixon J, Ansford A, Corcoran A
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 Jan 7;288(6410):44-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6410.44.
Patterns of accidental poisoning in children are changing dramatically. A five year population study (1977-81) was undertaken in urban children from Brisbane (population 1 000 000). A total of 2098 children were poisoned during this period with only one fatality, which represents a dramatic reduction in mortality. Over the past 15 years (1968-82) 13 children have died from accidental poisoning from this population, and two were murdered with drugs. A study of secular trends has indicated that peak incidence occurred in 1979, and the rate has been falling progressively since. The current age corrected rate of poisoning is 393 per 100 000 children per year (0-5 year olds). The rank order of poisons, drugs, and chemicals causing hospital admission and death is: petroleum distillates 13%; antihistamines 9%; benzodiazepines 9%; bleach and detergents 7%; and aspirin 6%. The ratio of fatalities to ingestions requiring hospital admission was calculated to give an index of a practical danger of noxious agents to which children are currently exposed and the rank order is: cardiotoxic drugs, one fatality to 25 ingestions; tricyclic antidepressants, one to 44; sympathomimetic drugs, one to 54; caustic soda, one to 68; aspirin, one fatality to 350 ingestions. Accidental poisoning of children leading to death has been reduced because patterns of drug prescriptions have changed, packaging of dangerous drugs has been made safer, and substances such as kerosene have been coloured blue.
儿童意外中毒模式正在发生巨大变化。对布里斯班市（人口100万）的城市儿童进行了一项为期五年（1977 - 1981年）的人口研究。在此期间，共有2098名儿童中毒，仅有1例死亡，这表明死亡率大幅下降。在过去15年（1968 - 1982年）中，该人群中有13名儿童死于意外中毒，2名儿童被药物谋杀。一项长期趋势研究表明，发病率高峰出现在1979年，此后发病率一直在逐渐下降。目前经年龄校正的中毒率为每年每10万名儿童中有393例（0 - 5岁儿童）。导致住院和死亡的毒物、药物和化学品的排名顺序为：石油馏出物13%；抗组胺药9%；苯二氮䓬类9%；漂白剂和洗涤剂7%；阿司匹林6%。计算死亡人数与需要住院治疗的摄入量之比，以得出儿童目前接触的有害制剂实际危险指数，排名顺序为：心脏毒性药物，25次摄入中有1例死亡；三环类抗抑郁药，44次摄入中有1例死亡；拟交感神经药，54次摄入中有1例死亡；苛性钠，68次摄入中有1例死亡；阿司匹林，350次摄入中有1例死亡。儿童意外中毒导致的死亡人数减少，是因为药物处方模式发生了变化，危险药物的包装更安全，煤油等物质已染成蓝色。
