Galbraith R M, Faulk W P, Galbraith G M, Holbrook T W, Bray R S
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1980;74(1):52-60. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(80)90011-5.
To facilitate investigations of the consequences of malarial infection during human pregnancy, several methods for the recognition of pigment and parasites in the placenta were evaluated. Pigment was visualized in infected blood smears and placental tissue using both white light and modified fluorescence microscopy. However, the characteristic pigment dots observed with fluorescent light were also apparent in unstained cryostat and deparaffinized placental sections, and following reaction with immunohistological reagents. Intact parasites were recognized immunohistologically in placental sections and blood smears using rabbit antisera to Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei. Using these procedures, numerous erythrocytes containing parasites associated with small pigment dots were seen in intervillous spaces in heavily infected placentae. In these organs, larger irregular pigment aggregates were present within maternal cells which were shown to be monocytes by esterase staining. Pigment was also observed in the cytoplasm of the trophoblast and not infrequently in the mesenchymal stroma, but no intact parasites were observed within chorionic villi. These simple and sensitive methods thus confirm placental localization of parasites and pigment. Furthermore, the finding of pigment in all Gambian placentae examined, of which seven were thought initially to be uninfected, indicates that malaria may complicate pregnancy more frequently than hiterto anticipated.
为了便于研究人类孕期疟疾感染的后果，对几种识别胎盘中色素和疟原虫的方法进行了评估。利用白光和改良荧光显微镜在感染的血涂片和胎盘组织中观察色素。然而，在未染色的低温恒温器切片和脱蜡胎盘切片中，以及与免疫组织学试剂反应后，在荧光下观察到的特征性色素点也很明显。使用抗恶性疟原虫和伯氏疟原虫的兔抗血清，通过免疫组织学方法在胎盘切片和血涂片中识别完整的疟原虫。通过这些方法，在重度感染胎盘的绒毛间隙中可见大量含有与小色素点相关疟原虫的红细胞。在这些器官中，较大的不规则色素聚集体存在于母体细胞内，酯酶染色显示这些细胞为单核细胞。在滋养层细胞质中也观察到色素，在间充质基质中也不少见，但在绒毛膜绒毛内未观察到完整的疟原虫。因此，这些简单而灵敏的方法证实了疟原虫和色素在胎盘的定位。此外，在所检查的所有冈比亚胎盘中均发现了色素，其中七个最初被认为未感染，这表明疟疾使妊娠复杂化的频率可能比迄今预期的更高。
