Ripa K T
Infection. 1982;10 Suppl 1:S19-24. doi: 10.1007/BF01640710.
The etiological diagnosis of what is today known as infection by Chlamydia trachomatis was first made possible in 1907 when Halberstaedter and von Prowazek identified inclusions in conjunctival scrapings by means of Giemsa staining. C. trachomatis was originally classified as a virus, and the culture systems used were those for viruses. Macchiavello was the first to describe the isolation of C. trachomatis in embryonated hens' eggs (1944), but the first isolation is usually credited to T'ang and co-workers (1957), also using eggs. A major step in the understanding of chlamydial infections was made in 1965 when Gordon and Quan published a paper on the use of irradiated McCoy cells for isolation purposes. This technique made it possible to perform cultures from genital specimens with simplicity in comparison to isolation from eggs. Various culture techniques have been developed parallel to the expanding knowledge of the basic biology of the genus Chlamydia. McCoy cells (mouse fibroblasts), HeLa 229 (derived from human cervical carcinoma cells) and BHK-21 cells (baby hamster kidney cells) are the cell types regularly used for the culture of C. trachomatis. The principles underlying the various culture techniques are discussed. A description of the original irradiated McCoy cell system and the simplified, sensitive technique using cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells are given in this paper.
如今被称为沙眼衣原体感染的病因诊断最早于1907年成为可能，当时哈尔伯施泰特和冯·普罗瓦泽克通过吉姆萨染色法在结膜刮片中发现了包涵体。沙眼衣原体最初被归类为病毒，所使用的培养系统也是用于病毒的系统。马基亚韦洛是第一个描述在鸡胚中分离沙眼衣原体的人（1944年），但首次分离通常归功于唐及其同事（1957年），他们同样使用了鸡胚。1965年，戈登和泉发表了一篇关于使用经辐照的 McCoy 细胞进行分离的论文，这是对衣原体感染理解的一个重要进展。与从鸡胚中分离相比，这项技术使从生殖器标本中进行培养变得简单易行。随着对衣原体属基本生物学知识的不断扩展，各种培养技术也得到了发展。 McCoy 细胞（小鼠成纤维细胞）、HeLa 229（源自人宫颈癌细胞）和 BHK - 21细胞（幼仓鼠肾细胞）是常用于培养沙眼衣原体的细胞类型。本文讨论了各种培养技术的基本原理。本文还介绍了最初的经辐照的 McCoy 细胞系统以及使用经环己酰亚胺处理的 McCoy 细胞的简化、灵敏技术。
