Myers J B, Morgan T O
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1984;6 Suppl 1:S204-9. doi: 10.1097/00005344-198400061-00032.
Sodium intake was altered for 2-week periods in 201 volunteers with no history of hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was higher with a high sodium intake (200 mmol) compared with the values for a reduced intake (70 mmol). The rise in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure in subjects over 50 years was 15/8 mm Hg, which was larger than the increase of 2.5/2.3 mm Hg measured in younger people. In the younger age group blood pressure changed with diet in approximately 15%. Individuals with a family history of hypertension were more likely to have a rise in blood pressure when sodium intake was increased. Patients were subdivided into responders and nonresponders according to the change in blood pressure with a different sodium intake. Creatinine clearance with a reduced sodium intake was lower in the responders compared with the values for the nonresponders. In the responders creatinine clearance increased as sodium intake increased and with the high sodium intake was not different in the two groups. In subjects who had a rise in blood pressure with increasing sodium load, plasma volume fell, while it rose in the nonresponders. These studies demonstrate that increased sodium intake causes blood pressure to rise in normotensive individuals. Renal function is less in those who have a rise in blood pressure when extra sodium is consumed. Changes in plasma volume indicate that the link between sodium intake and hypertension does not involve plasma volume.
在201名无高血压病史的志愿者中，钠摄入量在为期2周的时间段内发生改变。与低钠摄入量（70 mmol）相比，高钠摄入量（200 mmol）时收缩压和舒张压更高。50岁以上受试者仰卧位收缩压和舒张压的升高幅度为15/8 mmHg，大于年轻人中测得的2.5/2.3 mmHg的升高幅度。在较年轻年龄组中，约15%的人的血压随饮食而变化。有高血压家族史的个体在钠摄入量增加时更有可能出现血压升高。根据不同钠摄入量时血压的变化，将患者分为反应者和无反应者。反应者中低钠摄入量时的肌酐清除率低于无反应者。在反应者中，肌酐清除率随钠摄入量增加而增加，且高钠摄入量时两组之间无差异。在钠负荷增加时血压升高的受试者中，血浆容量下降，而在无反应者中血浆容量升高。这些研究表明，钠摄入量增加会导致血压正常个体的血压升高。在摄入额外钠时血压升高的个体中，肾功能较差。血浆容量的变化表明，钠摄入量与高血压之间的联系不涉及血浆容量。
