Lyon J A
Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1983 Jan;17(1):7-11. doi: 10.1177/106002808301700102.
Cefoperazone is a new beta-lactam antibiotic that possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Cefoperazone differs from all previous cephalosporins in that it has exceptional activity against P. aeruginosa. The other distinguishing feature of cefoperazone is its high rate of biliary excretion, which will allow for treatment of biliary tract infections. Renal elimination accounts for only 20 percent of the agent's elimination; dosage modification is not necessary in decreased renal function. The clinical response rate of infections to cefoperazone is similar to that of moxalactam, cefotaxime, or the cephalosporins in general. The overall incidence of side effects was 14 percent in U.S. trials, with skin rash, fever, or urticaria occurring in 1 percent; phlebitis and injection-site pain in 2 percent; and diarrhea in 5 percent. As with the other third-generation cephalosporins, cefoperazone requires close scrutiny because of its expected high cost and the lack of comparative trials with standard antibiotic regimens.
头孢哌酮是一种新型β-内酰胺类抗生素，对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有广泛的抗菌活性。头孢哌酮与以往所有头孢菌素不同，它对铜绿假单胞菌具有特殊活性。头孢哌酮的另一个显著特点是其胆汁排泄率高，这使其可用于治疗胆道感染。肾脏排泄仅占该药物总排泄量的20%；肾功能减退时无需调整剂量。头孢哌酮治疗感染的临床有效率与羟羧氧酰胺菌素、头孢噻肟或一般头孢菌素相似。在美国的试验中，副作用的总发生率为14%，其中皮疹、发热或荨麻疹的发生率为1%；静脉炎和注射部位疼痛的发生率为2%；腹泻的发生率为5%。与其他第三代头孢菌素一样，由于预计成本高昂且缺乏与标准抗生素治疗方案的对比试验，头孢哌酮需要密切监测。
