Garron D C, Leavitt F
J Clin Psychol. 1983 Jul;39(4):486-93. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198307)39:4<486::aid-jclp2270390405>3.0.co;2-r.
It is not clear whether the psychological disturbances associated with chronic low back pain are the cause or the result of the chronicity. It is also not clear whether increasing duration of low back pain is associated with depression. Three groups of patients (N = 148), with recent (0-6 months), relatively longstanding (6-24 months) and chronic (more than 24 months) low back pain were given the MMPI, Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Low Back Pain Questionnaire (LBPQ). Increasing chronicity is associated with significant increases on MMPI Hs, D, HY, PT and MA scales, and on STAI Trait Anxiety scale. These results suggest that chronicity leads to the development of psychopathological characteristics and that these characteristics include a heightened awareness of somatic functioning and the vegetative aspects of the depressive syndrome, but that there is no increase in depressive mood or in the perception of the pain itself.
与慢性下背痛相关的心理障碍是慢性化的原因还是结果尚不清楚。下背痛持续时间的增加是否与抑郁相关也不清楚。三组患者（N = 148），分别患有近期（0 - 6个月）、相对长期（6 - 24个月）和慢性（超过24个月）下背痛，接受了明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）、多重情感形容词检查表（MAACL）、状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）和下背痛问卷（LBPQ）测试。慢性化程度的增加与MMPI的Hs、D、Hy、Pt和Ma量表以及STAI特质焦虑量表得分显著增加相关。这些结果表明，慢性化会导致心理病理特征的发展，这些特征包括对躯体功能和抑郁综合征的植物神经方面的更高意识，但抑郁情绪或对疼痛本身的感知并没有增加。
