Krachmer J H, Feder R S, Belin M W
Surv Ophthalmol. 1984 Jan-Feb;28(4):293-322. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(84)90094-8.
Keratoconus and other noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders (keratoglobus, pellucid marginal degeneration and posterior keratoconus) are characterized by progressive corneal thinning, protrusion and scarring; the result is distorted and decreased vision. The etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders are unknown but may be associated with a variety of factors, including contact lens wear, eye rubbing, Down's syndrome, atopic disease, connective tissue disease, tapetoretinal degeneration and inheritance. Recent advances in techniques for biochemical and pathological investigation are now allowing further exploration in these areas. Early diagnosis is aided by the finding of irregular corneal astigmatism with inferior corneal steepening. Treatment ranges from simple spectacle correction to keratoplasty. In this review, the past and present literature on corneal thinning disorders is reviewed and practical approaches to diagnosis and management are outlined.
圆锥角膜和其他非炎性角膜变薄疾病（球形角膜、透明边缘变性和后圆锥角膜）的特征是角膜进行性变薄、突出和瘢痕形成；结果是视力扭曲和下降。这些疾病的病因和发病机制尚不清楚，但可能与多种因素有关，包括佩戴隐形眼镜、揉眼、唐氏综合征、特应性疾病、结缔组织病、视网膜色素变性和遗传。生化和病理研究技术的最新进展现在允许在这些领域进行进一步探索。发现角膜不规则散光伴下角膜陡峭有助于早期诊断。治疗范围从简单的眼镜矫正到角膜移植。在这篇综述中，回顾了过去和现在关于角膜变薄疾病的文献，并概述了诊断和管理的实用方法。
