Moore R S, Taylor D H, Sturman L S, Reddy M M, Fuhs G W
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Dec;42(6):963-75. doi: 10.1128/aem.42.6.963-975.1981.
The adsorption of radiolabeled infectious poliovirus type 2 by 34 well-defined soils and mineral substrates was analyzed in a synthetic freshwater medium containing 1 mM CaCl(2) and 1.25 mM NaHCO(3) at pH 7. In a model system, adsorption of poliovirus by Ottawa sand was rapid and reached equilibrium within 1 h at 4 degrees C. Near saturation, the adsorption could be described by the Langmuir equation; the apparent surface saturation was 2.5 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of poliovirus per mg of Ottawa sand. At low surface coverage, adsorption was described by the Freundlich equation. The soils and minerals used ranged from acidic to basic and from high in organic content to organic free. The available negative surface charge on each substrate was measured by the adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. Most of the substrates adsorbed more than 95% of the virus. In general, soils, in comparison with minerals, were weak adsorbents. Among the soils, muck and Genesee silt loam were the poorest adsorbents; among the minerals, montmorillonite, glauconite, and bituminous shale were the least effective. The most effective adsorbents were magnetite sand and hematite, which are predominantly oxides of iron. Correlation coefficients for substrate properties and virus adsorption revealed that the elemental composition of the adsorbents had little effect on poliovirus uptake. Substrate surface area and pH, by themselves, were not significantly correlated with poliovirus uptake. A strong negative correlation was found between poliovirus adsorption and both the contents of organic matter and the available negative surface charge on the substrates as determined by their capacities for adsorbing the cationic polyelectrolyte, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride.
在含有1 mM氯化钙和1.25 mM碳酸氢钠、pH值为7的合成淡水培养基中，分析了34种明确的土壤和矿物基质对放射性标记的2型感染性脊髓灰质炎病毒的吸附情况。在一个模型系统中，渥太华砂对脊髓灰质炎病毒的吸附很快，在4℃下1小时内达到平衡。接近饱和时，吸附可用朗缪尔方程描述；渥太华砂每毫克的表观表面饱和度为2.5×10⁶个脊髓灰质炎病毒空斑形成单位。在低表面覆盖率下，吸附可用弗罗因德利希方程描述。所使用的土壤和矿物从酸性到碱性，有机含量从高到无。通过阳离子聚电解质聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵的吸附来测量每个基质上可用的负表面电荷。大多数基质吸附了超过95%的病毒。一般来说，与矿物相比，土壤是较弱的吸附剂。在土壤中，腐殖土和杰纳西粉砂壤土是最差的吸附剂；在矿物中，蒙脱石、海绿石和沥青页岩效果最差。最有效的吸附剂是磁铁砂和赤铁矿，它们主要是铁的氧化物。基质性质与病毒吸附的相关系数表明，吸附剂的元素组成对脊髓灰质炎病毒摄取影响很小。基质表面积和pH值本身与脊髓灰质炎病毒摄取没有显著相关性。发现脊髓灰质炎病毒吸附与有机质含量以及通过吸附阳离子聚电解质聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵的能力测定的基质上可用的负表面电荷之间存在很强的负相关。
