Allen M
Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1983 Sep;8(3):115-33.
Endorphins are a collection of opioid-like neurochemicals scattered throughout the nervous system which have profound effects upon the neurohormonal regulatory mechanisms of the brain-stem and all that it controls. Endorphins, primarily beta-endorphin, are elevated with exercise, which places athletic activity in a pivotal role to modulate--usually by inhibition--diverse physiologic functions. They are important in the adaptative process of humans, and models of endorphinergic effects are presented which help to relate their role from the intra-cellular to the macro-function. Explanations and some speculations are offered concerning other non-athletic manipulations of endorphins and how they may be used in sports. Some hazards to athletic performance may be related to endorphinergic effects. Somewhat like their exogenous counterpart (morphine), endorphins may be part of an endogenous euphoric reward system, and as such would reinforce behavior conductive to the perpetuation of their elevation.
内啡肽是一类分布于整个神经系统的类阿片神经化学物质，对脑干及其所控制的所有神经激素调节机制具有深远影响。内啡肽，主要是β-内啡肽，会随着运动而升高，这使得体育活动在调节（通常是通过抑制）多种生理功能方面发挥关键作用。它们在人类的适应过程中很重要，并提出了内啡肽能效应的模型，有助于将它们从细胞内作用到宏观功能的角色联系起来。文中对其他非运动方式对内啡肽的影响以及它们在运动中的应用方式进行了解释和一些推测。运动表现的一些危害可能与内啡肽能效应有关。有点像它们的外源性对应物（吗啡），内啡肽可能是内源性欣快奖励系统的一部分，因此会强化有助于维持其升高状态的行为。
