A quantitative immunobinding radioimmunoassay for antigens attached to nitrocellulose paper.

An immunobinding assay is described that tests antigens attached to nitrocellulose paper against antisera contained in microtiter plates. In comparison to a conventional microtiter plate radioimmunoassay, the nitrocellulose paper radioimmunoassay is clearly superior in both antigen attachment and antibody binding. Studies using bovine serum albumin and human IgG demonstrated superior antigen attachment extending from 5-fold in a physiological solution, to 50-fold in 50% fetal calf serum, to over 1000-fold in detergent solutions. With titrations using a rabbit anti-human IgG serum, the antibody binding in the nitrocellulose paper radioimmunoassay averaged over 5 times the binding in the microtiter plate radioimmunoassay. The nitrocellulose paper radioimmunoassay was also modified to quantitate human IgG. With this assay, 15 pg of human IgG inhibited the antibody binding by 50%. The nitrocellulose paper radioimmunoassay is easy to perform, and, since it combines the antigen-binding properties of the nitrocellulose paper with the convenience of assaying samples microtiter plates, this assay should prove useful for investigating the many antigens that attach to nitrocellulose paper.