Bhanushali J K, Murthy K K, Ragland W L
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984;161:389-400.
Steroids have significant influences on the immune system of birds and mammals, and the Food and Drug Administration should consider them in the regulatory review process. As discussed here, androgens have different effects depending on dose and the timing of administration. If given in sufficient amount during the critical time of bursal development, androgens may delay or permanently impair development of humoral immunity. If given after the bursa has developed, androgens apparently cause precocious migration without precocious maturation. Possibly, the cells fail to mature because of the absence of additional signals such as the immune modulating peptide hormones elaborated by reticuloepithelial cells of thymus and bursa. Even though the FDA requires that drugs for use in domesticated animals be tested in the species for which approval is being requested, chickens provide us with an inexpensive and useful experimental animal for preliminary studies of a drug's effect on the ontogeny of humoral and cellular immunity.
类固醇对鸟类和哺乳动物的免疫系统有重大影响，美国食品药品监督管理局在监管审查过程中应予以考虑。如本文所讨论的，雄激素的作用因剂量和给药时间而异。如果在法氏囊发育的关键时期给予足够剂量的雄激素，可能会延迟或永久性损害体液免疫的发育。如果在法氏囊发育后给予雄激素，显然会导致早熟迁移但不会早熟成熟。可能是由于缺乏额外的信号，如胸腺和法氏囊的网状上皮细胞分泌的免疫调节肽激素，细胞无法成熟。尽管美国食品药品监督管理局要求用于家畜的药物要在申请批准的物种中进行测试，但鸡为我们提供了一种廉价且有用的实验动物，用于初步研究药物对体液免疫和细胞免疫个体发育的影响。
