Solberg L A, Strong J P
Arteriosclerosis. 1983 May-Jun;3(3):187-98. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.3.3.187.
This review assesses the current status of knowledge concerning the relationship of risk factors to atherosclerotic lesions. Risk factors for atherosclerotic lesions per se need not necessarily be identical to those related to clinically overt coronary heart disease (CHD). This review is based on 1) autopsy studies where information risk factors was gathered in a retrospective fashion; and 2) autopsy studies where information on risk factors was gathered prospectively. In spite of differences in study designs and grading methods among the studies, the general findings were similar. Elevated serum cholesterol and blood pressure are positively and significantly related to atherosclerotic lesions. High density lipoprotein cholesterol is inversely related to coronary and probably also to cerebral atherosclerosis. Almost all studies indicate a significant association between cigarette smoking and degree of aortic atherosclerosis; a positive relationship between smoking and coronary atherosclerosis is found between obesity or physical activity and the degree of atherosclerosis. Data from the Community Pathology Study in New Orleans indicate that the average extent of coronary atherosclerosis in a population may be subject to changes within a relatively short period of time; these changes might be expected to parallel changes in risk factors in the population.
本综述评估了关于风险因素与动脉粥样硬化病变关系的当前知识状况。动脉粥样硬化病变本身的风险因素不一定与临床显性冠心病（CHD）相关的风险因素相同。本综述基于：1）以回顾性方式收集风险因素信息的尸检研究；2）前瞻性收集风险因素信息的尸检研究。尽管各研究在研究设计和分级方法上存在差异，但总体研究结果相似。血清胆固醇和血压升高与动脉粥样硬化病变呈正相关且具有显著相关性。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉粥样硬化呈负相关，可能也与脑动脉粥样硬化呈负相关。几乎所有研究都表明吸烟与主动脉粥样硬化程度之间存在显著关联；吸烟与冠状动脉粥样硬化之间呈正相关，肥胖或体力活动与动脉粥样硬化程度之间也呈正相关。新奥尔良社区病理学研究的数据表明，人群中冠状动脉粥样硬化的平均程度可能在相对较短的时间内发生变化；这些变化可能与人群中风险因素的变化平行。
