Sheetz M P
Semin Hematol. 1983 Jul;20(3):175-88.
The dynamics of interactions in the membrane skeleton appear to control a variety of critical red cell membrane properties. Particularly sensitive parameters are deformability under prolonged shear and glycoprotein lateral diffusion rates. Because the dynamics of skeletal interactions can be controlled by polyanionic metabolite levels and other factors, it is suggested that metabolic abnormalities can cause skeletal dysfunction as well as abnormalities involving skeletal protein mutations. The membrane skeleton appears to be secondary to the bilayer couple in determining erythrocyte shape. Skeleton structure and dynamics do appear to influence lipid asymmetry and, by inference, the surface properties of the membrane, which will affect shape. Recent findings have shown that the erythrocyte can control its shape, and that shape control is related to hexose monophosphate shunt pathway activity. Consequently, defects in metabolism of the HMP shunt as well as structural protein abnormalities could result in abnormal cell shapes. In conclusion, the dynamics of the membrane skeleton and associated protein interactions appear to be central to many normal red cell functions and abnormal functions in disease. Much more complete knowledge of the molecular bases of these correlations, however, is required to understand fully the roles of skeletal dynamics in red cell functions.
膜骨架中相互作用的动力学似乎控制着多种关键的红细胞膜特性。特别敏感的参数是长时间剪切下的变形性和糖蛋白横向扩散速率。由于骨架相互作用的动力学可受多阴离子代谢物水平及其他因素控制，因此有人提出代谢异常可导致骨架功能障碍以及涉及骨架蛋白突变的异常情况。在决定红细胞形状方面，膜骨架似乎次于双层偶联。骨架结构和动力学确实似乎会影响脂质不对称性，并由此推断会影响膜的表面特性，而这会影响形状。最近的研究结果表明，红细胞能够控制其形状，并且形状控制与磷酸己糖旁路途径活性有关。因此，磷酸己糖旁路代谢缺陷以及结构蛋白异常可能导致细胞形状异常。总之，膜骨架的动力学及相关蛋白相互作用似乎是许多正常红细胞功能以及疾病中异常功能的核心。然而，要充分理解骨架动力学在红细胞功能中的作用，还需要更全面地了解这些相关性的分子基础。
