Young B A
J Anim Sci. 1983 Dec;57(6):1601-7. doi: 10.2527/jas1983.5761601x.
A review is presented of biological issues and practical consequences of the effects of cold stress on ruminant animals. When animals are subjected to extreme cold stress, substantial dietary energy may be diverted from productive functions to the generation of body heat. Failure to produce sufficient heat can result in death. More often, however, cold stress leads to the development of secondary changes and possibly disease. With prolonged exposure to even mildly cold conditions, physiological adaptation occurs in animals resulting in increases in thermal insulation, appetite and basal metabolic intensity, as well as alterations in digestive functions. Much of the reduced productivity, and in particular the reduced nutritional efficiency, observed in ruminant production systems during the colder part of the year, can be accounted for by these adaptive changes.
本文综述了冷应激对反刍动物影响的生物学问题及实际后果。当动物受到极端冷应激时，大量的日粮能量可能会从生产功能转移到产热上。无法产生足够的热量会导致死亡。然而，更常见的情况是，冷应激会导致继发变化并可能引发疾病。即使在轻度寒冷条件下长期暴露，动物也会发生生理适应，导致隔热、食欲和基础代谢强度增加，以及消化功能改变。在一年中较冷的时期，反刍动物生产系统中观察到的许多生产力下降，尤其是营养效率降低，都可以由这些适应性变化来解释。
