Jacobson A P, Plato P A, Toeroek D
Am J Public Health. 1978 Mar;68(3):225-30. doi: 10.2105/ajph.68.3.225.
We have employed twin sodium iodide radiation detectors to analyze iodine-131 transfer from thyroid patients to their families. Unlike previous studies of this problem, we measured thyroid radioiodine activity directly and are able to detect as little as 92 pCi of iodine 131 in adult thyroids. As in previous studies, we have also measured direct radiation exposures of family members with wristband thermoluminescent dosimeters. Thus far, we have studied seven families with 17 persons. Eleven of these are children under age 16. Direct radiation exposure of family persons from proximity of these radioactive patients ranged from 0.17 to 126 mR per day (natural background radiation amounts to approximately 0.35 mR per day). The maximum activity of iodine-131 in family thyroids ranged from less than 92 pCi to as high as 110,000 pCi and resulted in thyroid dose equivalents of 4 to 1330 mrem. Based on recent estimates of thyroid cancer, the latter dose equivalent could possibly double the risk of thyroid malignancy in children over what is expected normally. Such a risk implies the addition of 10 induced cases to the 10 naturally occurring cases per million people per year.
我们使用了双碘化钠辐射探测器来分析碘-131从甲状腺患者向其家人的转移情况。与之前关于这个问题的研究不同，我们直接测量了甲状腺的放射性碘活度，并且能够检测出成年甲状腺中低至92皮居里的碘-131。和之前的研究一样，我们还使用腕带热释光剂量计测量了家庭成员的直接辐射暴露量。到目前为止，我们研究了7个家庭的17个人。其中11个是16岁以下的儿童。这些放射性患者的家庭成员因与患者近距离接触而受到的直接辐射暴露量为每天0.17至126毫伦琴（自然本底辐射约为每天0.35毫伦琴）。家庭甲状腺中碘-131的最大活度范围从低于92皮居里到高达110,000皮居里，导致甲状腺当量剂量为4至1330毫雷姆。根据最近对甲状腺癌的估计，后一种当量剂量可能会使儿童患甲状腺恶性肿瘤的风险比正常预期增加一倍。这样的风险意味着每百万人口中每年因辐射诱发的甲状腺癌病例将增加10例，而自然发生的病例为10例。
