Hillemeier C, Gryboski J D
Yale J Biol Med. 1984 Mar-Apr;57(2):135-47.
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in infants and children is a catastrophic event but is not associated with significant mortality except in those with a severe primary illness. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and young children is most often associated with stress ulcers or erosions, but in older children it may also be caused by duodenal ulcer, esophagitis, and esophageal varices. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding may be caused by a variety of lesions among which are infectious colitides, Meckel's diverticulum, bleeding disorders, gastrointestinal allergy, and inflammatory bowel disease. Techniques of diagnosis and management are discussed.
婴幼儿和儿童的胃肠道出血是一种灾难性事件，但除了患有严重原发性疾病的患儿外，其死亡率并不高。婴幼儿的上消化道出血最常与应激性溃疡或糜烂有关，但年龄较大的儿童也可能由十二指肠溃疡、食管炎和食管静脉曲张引起。下消化道出血可能由多种病变引起，包括感染性结肠炎、梅克尔憩室、出血性疾病、胃肠道过敏和炎症性肠病。本文讨论了诊断和管理技术。
