Ward N R, Wolfe R L, Olson B H
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Sep;48(3):508-14. doi: 10.1128/aem.48.3.508-514.1984.
The influence of pH, application technique, and chlorine-to-nitrogen weight ratio on the bactericidal activity of inorganic chloramine compounds was determined with stock and environmental strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae. The rate of inactivation increased from 1.5 to 2 times as the chlorine-to-nitrogen weight ratio was adjusted from 2:1 to 5:1, 5 to 6 times as the pH was decreased from 8 to 6, and 5 to 6 times as the concentration was increased from 1 to 5 mg/liter. Separate additions of free chlorine and ammonia (concurrent addition and preammoniation) into seeded water at or below pH 7.5 resulted in killing comparable to that observed with free chlorine (99% inactivation in less than 20 s). At pH 8, inactivation by separate additions was considerably slower and was comparable to that by prereacted chloramine compounds (99% inactivation in 25 to 26 min). Determination of the effectiveness of inorganic chloramine compounds as primary disinfectants for drinking water must consider the method of application, pH and concentrations of chlorine and ammonia.
利用大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌属、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌的储备菌株及环境菌株，测定了pH值、应用技术以及氯与氮的重量比对无机氯胺化合物杀菌活性的影响。随着氯与氮的重量比从2:1调整到5:1，灭活速率提高了1.5至2倍；随着pH值从8降至6，灭活速率提高了5至6倍；随着浓度从1毫克/升增加到5毫克/升，灭活速率提高了5至6倍。在pH值为7.5或更低时，向接种水中分别添加游离氯和氨（同时添加和预加氨）导致的杀菌效果与游离氯相当（在不到20秒内灭活99%）。在pH值为8时，分别添加的灭活速度相当慢，与预反应氯胺化合物的灭活速度相当（在25至26分钟内灭活99%）。确定无机氯胺化合物作为饮用水主要消毒剂的有效性时，必须考虑应用方法、pH值以及氯和氨的浓度。
