Granacher R P
Am J Psychiatry. 1981 Oct;138(10):1288-97. doi: 10.1176/ajp.138.10.1288.
The author states that most psychiatrists should be able easily to recognize tardive dyskinesia. However, this disorder is a subset of a large variety of abnormal involuntary movements, some of which may resemble tardive dyskinesia. Others have serious implications if they are misdiagnosed as tardive dyskinesia. The author describes the characteristic features of a wide variety of abnormal involuntary movements, including parkinsonism, the dystonias, choreas and choreoathetosis, tremors, tics, stereotypies and mannerisms, oral-facial dyskinesias, and disorders with varied or complex manifestations. He emphasizes the differential diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia.
作者指出，大多数精神科医生应该能够轻松识别迟发性运动障碍。然而，这种病症是多种异常不自主运动的一个子集，其中一些可能类似于迟发性运动障碍。如果其他异常不自主运动被误诊为迟发性运动障碍，可能会产生严重后果。作者描述了多种异常不自主运动的特征，包括帕金森症、肌张力障碍、舞蹈症和舞蹈手足徐动症、震颤、抽搐、刻板动作和怪癖、口面部运动障碍以及表现多样或复杂的病症。他强调了迟发性运动障碍的鉴别诊断。
