Hibbert M E, Couriel J M, Landau L I
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Aug;57(2):304-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.2.304.
Maximum expiratory flows, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and lung volumes were measured in 248 8-yr-old and 215 12-yr-old healthy school children. Eight-year-old girls had smaller total lung capacity but higher volume-corrected expiratory flows than boys. Maximum expiratory flow and total lung capacity increased more in girls than in boys between 8 and 12 yr. Girls had a greater increase in residual volume (0.23 liter for girls, 0.16 liter for boys) as well as lower maximum expiratory and inspiratory pressures (P less than 0.001). Girls have smaller lung volumes than boys, so one would expect smaller airways in girls, but girls generate greater flows, indicating that their airways are possibly wider than those of boys. There is also evidence of unequal growth of the airways and air spaces between 8 and 12 yr. Chest wall development appears less in girls than boys and the difference becomes more marked at 12 yr.
对248名8岁和215名12岁的健康学童测量了最大呼气流量、最大吸气和呼气压力以及肺容量。8岁女孩的肺总量较小，但经容积校正的呼气流量高于男孩。在8至12岁之间，女孩的最大呼气流量和肺总量的增加幅度大于男孩。女孩的残气量增加幅度更大（女孩增加0.23升，男孩增加0.16升），同时最大呼气和吸气压力更低（P<0.001）。女孩的肺容量比男孩小，因此人们会认为女孩的气道更窄，但女孩能产生更大的流量，这表明她们的气道可能比男孩的更宽。也有证据表明在8至12岁之间气道和气腔的生长不均衡。女孩的胸壁发育程度低于男孩，且这种差异在12岁时变得更加明显。
