Osser S, Liedholm P, Ranstam J
Arch Androl. 1984;12(1):113-6. doi: 10.3109/01485018409161159.
One hundred-eighty-five consecutive spermiograms from men of infertile couples in 1980-1981 were compared with as many spermiograms of age-matched controls from 1960-1961. The semen parameters analyzed were: volume, sperm density, and sperm morphology. The following significant changes were noted over the time period: the mean seminal volume decreased from 3.79 ml to 3.42 ml (p less than 0.05), the mean sperm count decreased from 125.4 mill/ml to 78.0 mill/ml (p less than 0.001) and the proportion of double sperm heads increased from 0.52% to 1.51% (p less than 0.001). Further analysis showed even more pronounced changes in these parameters for men living in the urban area compared those from the surrounding rural areas.
将1980 - 1981年不育夫妇男方的185份连续精子图与1960 - 1961年年龄匹配的对照组的同样多的精子图进行了比较。分析的精液参数有：体积、精子密度和精子形态。在这段时间内观察到以下显著变化：精液平均体积从3.79毫升降至3.42毫升（p<0.05），精子平均计数从每毫升125.4×10⁶降至78.0×10⁶（p<0.001），双头精子比例从0.52%增至1.51%（p<0.001）。进一步分析表明，与周边农村地区的男性相比，城市地区男性这些参数的变化更为明显。
