von Wendt L, Mäkinen H, Rantakallio P
J Ment Defic Res. 1984 Sep;28 ( Pt 3):219-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1984.tb01013.x.
The psychomotor development of mentally retarded children (IQ less than or equal to 85) in their first year is compared here with that of healthy children on the basis of a 1-year birth cohort (1966) from northern Finland which comprised a total of 12 058 live-born children. Data on the age of reaching the main developmental milestones in the first year, standing without support, walking with and without support and speech at 12 months were obtained by means of information collected prospectively in the children's welfare centres for this purpose. Detailed information on mental retardation covering the age group 0-14 years was obtained from the school health authorities, the national hospital discharge register and other regional or national registers. The results show that mental retardation is associated with subnormal motor development in the first year, as this finding persists even after the exclusion of children with a CP syndrome. Children who could neither walk with support nor speak by the age of 12 months constituted a high-risk group for mental retardation, the risk being 14-fold higher in this group than among the other children. Even so, only 65.2% of the children with severe mental retardation and 38.2% of those with mild mental retardation fulfilled these criteria, demonstrating that psychomotor development in the first year can be apparently normal in these groups.
本文基于芬兰北部一个1966年出生队列（共12058名活产儿童），将智力发育迟缓儿童（智商小于或等于85）在其第一年的心理运动发育情况与健康儿童进行了比较。通过儿童福利中心为此目的前瞻性收集的信息，获取了关于第一年达到主要发育里程碑的年龄、独自站立、有无支撑行走以及12个月时说话的相关数据。从学校卫生当局、国家医院出院登记册以及其他地区或国家登记册获取了涵盖0至14岁年龄组的详细智力发育迟缓信息。结果显示，智力发育迟缓与第一年运动发育迟缓相关，因为即使排除患有脑性瘫痪综合征的儿童，这一发现仍然存在。12个月时既不能在支撑下行走也不能说话的儿童构成了智力发育迟缓的高危群体，该群体的风险比其他儿童高14倍。即便如此，只有65.2%的重度智力发育迟缓儿童和38.2%的轻度智力发育迟缓儿童符合这些标准，这表明这些群体在第一年的心理运动发育可能明显正常。
