Morgan A D, Rhind G B, Connaughton J J, Calder M A
J Infect. 1984 Sep;9(2):134-8. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(84)90961-7.
A retrospective study of 125 patients presenting to the City Hospital, Edinburgh, with proven pneumococcal pneumonia showed that pneumococcus serotype 3 remains the most prevalent and that since 1970 the distribution of serotypes has remained virtually constant. The frequency of diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia is increased by the use of countercurrent immuno-electrophoresis (CIE) of sputum. In this series, 25 per cent of patients with negative sputum culture but radiological evidence of pneumonia, were diagnosed by means of this method, which was overall more helpful in making the diagnosis than blood cultures. All nine deaths in this series were in those over 65 years of age.
对爱丁堡市立医院收治的125例确诊为肺炎球菌肺炎的患者进行的一项回顾性研究表明，3型肺炎球菌仍然最为常见，并且自1970年以来血清型的分布几乎保持不变。使用痰液逆流免疫电泳（CIE）可提高肺炎球菌肺炎的诊断频率。在该系列研究中，25%痰培养阴性但有肺炎影像学证据的患者通过该方法得以确诊，总体而言该方法在诊断方面比血培养更有帮助。该系列研究中的9例死亡患者均为65岁以上的老年人。
