Miller T W
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1984 Winter;30(4):293-6. doi: 10.1177/002076408403000406.
Recent research has indicated that father absence is significantly related to self-concept of black adolescent males. Results suggest that where paternal absence exists in the home situation, the level of self-esteem tended to be affected more for males than for females. Where father was absent in the home, males tended also to have lower levels of self-esteem than females. Where self-esteem of the child and core-facilitative conditions in mother were correlated significantly (p less than .05), male self-esteem was likely to be affected negatively. Therefore, presence of maternal core-facilitative conditions can favourably effect self-esteem of both male and female adolescents in father-absent homes.
近期研究表明，父亲缺失与黑人青少年男性的自我概念显著相关。结果显示，在家庭中若存在父亲缺失的情况，男性自尊水平往往比女性更容易受到影响。在父亲不在家的家庭中，男性的自尊水平往往也低于女性。当孩子的自尊与母亲的核心促进条件显著相关（p小于0.05）时，男性自尊可能会受到负面影响。因此，母亲核心促进条件的存在可以对父亲缺失家庭中青少年男性和女性的自尊产生积极影响。
