Becker P M, Cohen H J
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1984 Dec;32(12):923-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb00894.x.
A conceptual framework that is based on the biopsychosocial model and focuses on functional status is proposed for the understanding and teaching of the functional approach to health care. Functional status can be viewed as the composition of various biologic, psychologic, and social capabilities that are integrated in order to perform the activities necessary to ensure an individual's well-being. When functional status is threatened by aging or by disease-related deficits, a compensatory response is generated by mobilizing reserve resources/capabilities in an effort to maintain functional status. Since the aging process is characterized by the acquisition of multiple age- and disease-related deficits, primary care providers need to appropriately detect functional impairments through multidimensional assessment and orchestrate compensatory responses in an effort to restore, maximize, and maintain functional status and independence for as long as possible.
本文提出了一个基于生物心理社会模型并聚焦于功能状态的概念框架，用于理解和教授医疗保健的功能方法。功能状态可被视为各种生物、心理和社会能力的组合，这些能力相互整合，以执行确保个体幸福所需的活动。当功能状态受到衰老或疾病相关缺陷的威胁时，会通过调动储备资源/能力来产生代偿反应，以努力维持功能状态。由于衰老过程的特征是出现多种与年龄和疾病相关的缺陷，初级保健提供者需要通过多维评估适当地检测功能障碍，并精心安排代偿反应，以尽可能长时间地恢复、最大化和维持功能状态及独立性。
