Davis K E, Jackson K L, Kronenfeld J J, Blair S N
Health Educ Q. 1984 Winter;11(4):361-77. doi: 10.1177/109019818401100311.
A model of risk factors and psychosocial variables that should enhance the prediction of participation in worksite health promotion programs was evaluated by a sample survey (10% random sample) of approximately 13,000 State employees in South Carolina. The response rate for the survey was 66.3%, n = 854. A split sample strategy was employed to develop and then validate the psychosocial model. Degree of satisfaction with one's current status and intent to change it were assessed in six health areas: weight, nutrition, exercise, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the handling of stress and tension. In each area, a known risk factor was used to predict degree of satisfaction and intent to change. Variables from the psychosocial model were added in a step-wise regression procedure. The key variables in the psychosocial model were Personal Efficacy (specific to each of five areas), Job Stress, Trait Anxiety, and Health Knowledge. Risk factors contribute significantly to the prediction of dissatisfaction and intent to change in all areas except cigarette smoking and nutrition. The model of psychosocial factors contributed significantly to the prediction of dissatisfaction and intent to change in all areas. Personal Efficacy was significantly related both to dissatisfaction and intent to change, whereas the Job Stress and Anxiety variables were more effective in predicting dissatisfaction than intent to change. Health Knowledge had little direct or interactive effects on dissatisfaction or intent to participate. The implications of these findings for health promotion programs were examined.
通过对南卡罗来纳州约13000名州政府雇员进行抽样调查（10%随机样本），对一个应能增强工作场所健康促进项目参与度预测的风险因素和心理社会变量模型进行了评估。该调查的回复率为66.3%，n = 854。采用了分割样本策略来开发并随后验证心理社会模型。在体重、营养、运动、吸烟、饮酒以及压力和紧张应对这六个健康领域评估了对个人当前状况的满意度以及改变意愿。在每个领域，使用一个已知风险因素来预测满意度和改变意愿。心理社会模型中的变量通过逐步回归程序加入。心理社会模型中的关键变量是个人效能（针对五个领域中的每一个）、工作压力、特质焦虑和健康知识。除吸烟和营养领域外，风险因素在所有领域对不满和改变意愿的预测中都有显著贡献。心理社会因素模型在所有领域对不满和改变意愿的预测中都有显著贡献。个人效能与不满和改变意愿都显著相关，而工作压力和焦虑变量在预测不满方面比预测改变意愿更有效。健康知识对不满或参与意愿几乎没有直接或交互作用。研究了这些发现对健康促进项目的意义。
