MacMahon S W, Blacket R B, Macdonald G J, Hall W
J Hypertens. 1984 Feb;2(1):85-91. doi: 10.1097/00004872-198402000-00015.
The associations of obesity and alcohol consumption with blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension were studied in 5550 male and female subjects aged 25 to 64 years, surveyed in the National Heart Foundation of Australia 1980 Risk Factor Prevalence Study. Body mass index was significantly and independently associated with blood pressure levels in both sexes. A maximum of 30% of hypertension in the study population could be attributed to overweight. The association between body mass index and hypertension was greater in men under 45 years in whom a maximum of 60% of hypertension could be attributed to overweight. In both men and women receiving antihypertensive treatment, body mass index was positively associated with blood pressure. Overweight hypertensives were less likely to achieve normal blood pressure on treatment. Alcohol consumption was significantly and independently associated with blood pressure levels in males. A similar trend in females failed to reach statistical significance because of the lesser consumption of alcohol by females. A maximum of 11% of hypertension in males and 1% in females could be attributed to alcohol consumption. These estimates were reduced when age and body mass were taken into account.
在澳大利亚国家心脏基金会1980年危险因素患病率研究中，对5550名年龄在25至64岁的男性和女性受试者进行了肥胖和饮酒与血压及高血压患病率之间关联的研究。体重指数与男女两性的血压水平均存在显著且独立的关联。研究人群中高达30%的高血压可归因于超重。45岁以下男性中体重指数与高血压之间的关联更强，其中高达60%的高血压可归因于超重。在接受抗高血压治疗的男性和女性中，体重指数均与血压呈正相关。超重的高血压患者在治疗中达到正常血压的可能性较小。饮酒与男性的血压水平存在显著且独立的关联。女性中也有类似趋势，但由于女性饮酒量较少，未达到统计学显著性。男性中高达11%的高血压和女性中1%的高血压可归因于饮酒。在考虑年龄和体重后，这些估计值有所降低。
