Call J D
Child Abuse Negl. 1984;8(2):185-202. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(84)90008-5.
The human infant is prepared during fetal life and arrives on the scene ready to participate actively as a partner with the parent in structuring his own development. Parents are normally prepared for this participant activity by achieving a high degree of sensitivity to the signals of distress of and by the infant's affective engagement with them. The meaning of ordinary distress signals is in instances of child abuse and neglect determined by an unconscious mythology which the parent has about the infant, and also by what the parent finds unacceptable in oneself and projects onto the infant. The recent research on mother-infant attachment is reviewed. Landmarks for normal attachment behaviors from birth to age 3 are defined within seven different age groupings, and the psychiatric syndrome, "Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy," is described and is found almost universally in failure to thrive without organic cause babies. The diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder is preferable because it leads to appropriate preventive and interventive action.
人类婴儿在胎儿期就已做好准备，出生后便准备好作为父母的伙伴积极参与构建自身的发育过程。父母通常通过对婴儿的痛苦信号以及婴儿与他们情感互动的信号高度敏感，来为这种参与性活动做好准备。普通痛苦信号的含义在虐待和忽视儿童的案例中，由父母对婴儿的无意识神话观念决定，也由父母自身认为不可接受并投射到婴儿身上的东西决定。本文回顾了近期关于母婴依恋的研究。在七个不同年龄组中定义了从出生到3岁正常依恋行为的标志，并描述了“婴儿反应性依恋障碍”这一精神综合征，发现其几乎普遍存在于无器质性病因的发育不良婴儿中。诊断反应性依恋障碍更可取，因为它能带来适当的预防和干预措施。
