Scruggs J, Wallace T, Hanna C
Ann Ophthalmol. 1978 Mar;10(3):267-71.
Chloramphenicol, tetracycline hydrochloride, sodium sulfacetamide, and fluorescein sodium prepared in both aqueous solutions and ointments were placed in the conjunctival sac of humans. Each drug soon was tasted in the back of the mouth with no difference being noticed with the use of aqueous solution or ointment. Tetracycline and fluorescein studies showed that systemic absorption were similar regardless of whether solution or ointment were used. Furthermore, it was found that the ointment passed through the lacrimal drainage system and into the nose and throat. The ocular contact time of ointment with the eye is greater than that of water, and ointment is much more slowly absorbed via the lacrimal drainage system. Both the drugs and the ointment base applied topically to the eye travel through the nasolacrimal system as the way of elimination when given in the small volumes that are held by the conjunctival sac.
将氯霉素、盐酸四环素、磺胺醋酰钠和荧光素钠制成水溶液和眼膏后，置于人类的结膜囊中。很快就能在口腔后部尝到每种药物的味道，使用水溶液或眼膏时未发现差异。四环素和荧光素的研究表明，无论使用溶液还是眼膏，全身吸收情况相似。此外，还发现眼膏会通过泪道引流系统进入鼻腔和咽喉。眼膏与眼睛的接触时间比水长，且通过泪道引流系统的吸收要慢得多。当以结膜囊所能容纳的少量给药时，局部应用于眼部的药物和眼膏基质都会通过鼻泪系统作为排泄途径。
