Colquhoun W P, Paine M W, Fort A
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1978 May;49(5):671-8.
Circadian rhythms of oral temperature were assessed in 12 watchkeepers during a prolonged submarine voyage and compared with a "standard" rhythm obtained from nonwatchkeepers ashore. Initially, the parameters of the rhythms were similar to those of the standard; however, among eight ratings working 4-h watches in a rapidly rotating cycle, considerable changes in the rhythms occurred as the voyage progressed, and concurrent alterations in sleep patterning were observed. The most characteristic change in the rhythm was a marked decline in its amplitude. In most subjects, the rhythm also tended to depart from its original circadian pattern; in at least one case, it effectively disintegrated. One subject's rhythm appeared to "free-run" with a period greater than 24 h. A strong circadian rhythm was maintained in only one of these eight subjects. In four officers whose watch times were at fixed hours, adaptation of the rhythm to unusual times of sleep occurred in 2 of 3 cases where the schedule demanded it. The results are discussed in relation to the design of optimal watchkeeping systems for submariners.
在一次长时间的潜艇航行期间，对12名值班人员的口腔温度昼夜节律进行了评估，并与从岸上非值班人员获得的“标准”节律进行了比较。最初，这些节律的参数与标准参数相似；然而，在以快速旋转周期值4小时班的8名值班人员中，随着航行的推进，节律发生了相当大的变化，同时观察到睡眠模式也有改变。节律最显著的变化是其振幅明显下降。在大多数受试者中，节律也往往偏离其原来的昼夜模式；至少在一个案例中，它实际上瓦解了。一名受试者的节律似乎以大于24小时的周期“自由运行”。在这8名受试者中，只有1人维持了较强的昼夜节律。在3名值班时间固定的军官中，有2人在时间表要求的情况下，其节律适应了不寻常的睡眠时间。本文结合为潜艇人员设计最佳值班系统对结果进行了讨论。
