发展中国家脊髓灰质炎患病率估算技术的比较。
Comparison of techniques for the estimation of the prevalence of poliomyelitis in developing countries.
作者信息
Joseph B, Ravikumar R, John M, Natarajan K, Steinhoff M C, John T J
出版信息
Bull World Health Organ. 1983;61(5):833-7.
Although reliable data on the prevalence and trends of paralytic poliomyelitis are necessary for health planning, they are often difficult to obtain in developing countries. Comparisons were made of the cost and the time taken to obtain prevalence rates of residual poliomyelitis paralysis in a single community by (1) a surveillance and reporting system using physicians and other practitioners, (2) a school survey covering grades 1 to 12, (3) annual surveys of grade 1 schoolchildren, and (4) a house-to-house questionnaire survey. These techniques gave poliomyelitis prevalence rates of 3-5 per 1000 school-age children, and poliomyelitis incidence rates of 12-29 per 100 000 population per year. The annual grade 1 school survey was the cheapest and easiest to carry out and appears reliable in areas with a high rate of school enrolment.
尽管可靠的麻痹性脊髓灰质炎流行率和趋势数据对于卫生规划至关重要，但在发展中国家往往很难获得。通过以下方式对在单个社区获取残留脊髓灰质炎麻痹流行率的成本和时间进行了比较：(1) 使用医生和其他从业者的监测和报告系统；(2) 涵盖1至12年级的学校调查；(3) 对一年级学童的年度调查；(4) 挨家挨户的问卷调查。这些方法得出的脊髓灰质炎流行率为每1000名学龄儿童中有3至5例，脊髓灰质炎发病率为每年每10万人口中有12至29例。一年级学童年度调查成本最低且最易于实施，在入学率高的地区似乎可靠。
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