Lantinga H, Nater J P, Coenraads P J
Contact Dermatitis. 1984 Mar;10(3):135-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00018.x.
In 1979, the inhabitants of a geographically defined area were examined for skin disorders of the hands and forearms. In 1982 this cohort was invited for re-examination. In persons with eczema, patch testing was performed. Irritant factors were found to play a rôle in 73% of the cases, whereas a contact allergy could be detected in 30%. The most frequent allergens were nickel sulphate (20%), potassium dichromate (6%) and cobalt chloride (4%). In some persons with a definite history of allergy to metals, no positive patch test with nickel, chromate or cobalt could be obtained; other mechanisms may be involved. Significantly more positive patch tests were found among persons with an eczema of longer than 2 years duration compared with persons with eczema present for a shorter period of time, indicating that many cases of eczema are primarily of irritant nature, but later complicated by sensitisation. In 41%, the eczema was healed. A poor healing tendency was observed in those with a combination of irritant and allergic eczema. Relatively few ascribed healing to medical treatment.
1979年，对某一地理区域内的居民进行了手部和前臂皮肤疾病检查。1982年，该队列人群受邀接受复查。对患有湿疹的人进行了斑贴试验。结果发现，73%的病例中刺激因素起作用，而30%的病例可检测到接触性过敏。最常见的变应原是硫酸镍（20%）、重铬酸钾（6%）和氯化钴（4%）。在一些有明确金属过敏史的人中，斑贴试验对镍、铬酸盐或钴未呈阳性反应；可能涉及其他机制。与湿疹病程较短的人相比，病程超过2年的湿疹患者中斑贴试验阳性者明显更多，这表明许多湿疹病例主要是刺激性的，但后来会因致敏而复杂化。41%的湿疹已痊愈。刺激性和过敏性湿疹合并存在的患者愈合倾向较差。将愈合归因于医学治疗的情况相对较少。
