Dixon R A, Hultsch D F
J Gerontol. 1983 Nov;38(6):682-8. doi: 10.1093/geronj/38.6.682.
A multiple factor instrument was designed to represent a multidimensional construct of metamemory. Eight theoretically meaningful dimensions were defined: (a) Use of memory strategies (Strategy); (b) Knowledge of memory tasks (Task); (c) Knowledge of own memory capacities (Capacity); (d) Attitudes toward own memory: Perception of change (Change); (e) Activities supportive of memory (Activity); (f) Memory and state anxiety (Anxiety); (g) Memory and achievement motivation (Achievement); and (h) Locus of control in memory abilities (Locus). After content validity was established for a pool of items, the instrument was administered sequentially to three separate samples of adults. Computation of internal consistency estimates (by age and sample) and factorial validity (by sample) resulted in a 120-item instrument. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed robust significant age differences on the Task. Capacity, Change, and Locus subscales, with young adults evincing higher levels of knowledge regarding the first three of these dimensions, and more internality on the fourth, than older adults.
设计了一种多因素工具来代表元记忆的多维结构。定义了八个具有理论意义的维度：(a) 记忆策略的使用（策略）；(b) 对记忆任务的了解（任务）；(c) 对自身记忆能力的了解（能力）；(d) 对自身记忆的态度：对变化的感知（变化）；(e) 支持记忆的活动（活动）；(f) 记忆与状态焦虑（焦虑）；(g) 记忆与成就动机（成就）；以及 (h) 记忆能力的控制点（控制点）。在确定了一组项目的内容效度后，该工具依次施用于三个不同的成人样本。通过计算内部一致性估计值（按年龄和样本）和因子效度（按样本），得到了一个由120个项目组成的工具。多变量方差分析显示，在任务、能力、变化和控制点分量表上存在显著的年龄差异，与老年人相比，年轻人在这些维度中的前三个维度上表现出更高的知识水平，在第四个维度上表现出更强的内控性。
