Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2024 Jul;31(4):705-722. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2249195. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
Cognitive gerontology research requires consideration of performance as well as perceptions of performance. While subjective memory is positively associated with memory performance, these correlations typically are modest in magnitude, leading to the need to consider whether certain people may show weaker or stronger linkages between performance and perceptions. The current study leveraged personality (NEO Big Five), memory performance (i.e., word recall), and perceptions of memory ability (i.e., metamemory in adulthood and memory decline) data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study ( = 774, mean age: 71.52 years). Extraversion and conscientiousness held the most consistent associations with the cognitive variables of interest, as both traits were positively associated with metamemory and word recall, but negatively associated with subjective decline. Moreover, extraversion moderated associations between word recall and both memory capacity and complaints, insofar that objective-subjective associations were weaker for those adults higher in extraversion. These findings highlight the need to understand how personality influences the sources of information employed for subjective cognitive beliefs.
认知老年学研究需要考虑表现和对表现的看法。虽然主观记忆与记忆表现呈正相关，但这些相关性通常在数量上是适度的，因此需要考虑某些人在表现和认知之间的联系是否较弱或较强。本研究利用了圣路易斯人格与衰老网络（SPAN）研究中的人格（大五人格）、记忆表现（即单词回忆）和对记忆能力的看法（即成年期的元记忆和记忆衰退）数据（n=774，平均年龄：71.52 岁）。外向性和尽责性与感兴趣的认知变量最一致，因为这两个特质都与元记忆和单词回忆呈正相关，但与主观衰退呈负相关。此外，外向性调节了单词回忆与记忆容量和抱怨之间的关系，对于那些外向性较高的成年人，客观-主观关系较弱。这些发现强调了需要理解人格如何影响主观认知信念所使用的信息来源。
