Kausler D H, Hakami M K
Exp Aging Res. 1983 Fall;9(3):153-7. doi: 10.1080/03610738308258444.
Young adults and elderly adults received a series of topics for discussion, followed by a recall test of the topics per se and a recognition memory test of the questions asked during the conversations. Half of the participants in each age group were forewarned of the subsequent recall test (intentional memory); the remaining participants were not forewarned (incidental memory). Null effects for instructional variation were found at both age levels for all memory scores. For recall, an age difference, favoring young adults, was found. However, no age difference was found for either the recognition of old questions as old or the recognition of new questions as new. The results were interpreted in terms of an age deficit for the retrieval of memory traces established by the comprehension of conversational content.
年轻成年人和老年人接受了一系列讨论话题，随后进行了对话题本身的回忆测试以及对对话中所提问题的识别记忆测试。每个年龄组的一半参与者提前被告知随后的回忆测试（有意记忆）；其余参与者未被告知（无意记忆）。在两个年龄水平上，所有记忆分数的教学变化均未产生显著影响。对于回忆，发现了有利于年轻成年人的年龄差异。然而，在将旧问题识别为旧问题或把新问题识别为新问题方面，均未发现年龄差异。结果依据理解对话内容所建立的记忆痕迹检索中的年龄缺陷进行了解释。
