Lebowitz M D
Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Oct;52:193-205. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8352193.
Epidemiological studies of community populations are highly relevant to the process of setting national ambient air quality primary standards, as criteria for those standards are the protection of human populations against adverse effects on health. Nevertheless, because of the difficulties of performing adequate community population studies of a quality commensurate with the needs of standard setting, the use of data derived from studies is problematic. This paper addresses the important issues of appropriate exposure assessment and health assessment, and discusses the problems of multiplex variables and colinearity as they are critical in assessments of exposure-effect relationships. It is concluded that a major problem in the use of data from such studies for standard setting is not necessarily one of scientific reliability or validity, but arises from the attempt of translating adequate science into policy decisions.
社区人群的流行病学研究与制定国家环境空气质量主要标准的过程高度相关，因为这些标准的准则是保护人群免受健康方面的不利影响。然而，由于开展符合标准制定需求的高质量社区人群研究存在困难，使用此类研究得出的数据存在问题。本文论述了适当的暴露评估和健康评估的重要问题，并讨论了多重变量和共线性问题，因为它们在暴露-效应关系评估中至关重要。得出的结论是，将此类研究数据用于标准制定的一个主要问题不一定是科学可靠性或有效性问题，而是源于将充分的科学转化为政策决策的尝试。
