Lippa R
J Pers. 1983 Dec;51(4):667-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1983.tb00873.x.
Does sex typing influence one's direct perception of gender from physical body cues? To answer this question, a study was conducted in which 47 female and 39 male subjects, after filling out the Bem Sex Role Inventory, viewed 24 body outlines varying in waist and shoulder width. Subjects were asked to indicate whether each body was female or male, or whether they were uncertain about its gender. Subjects also selected what they judged to be the most attractive and most typical female and male bodies from among the 24 body outlines. Finally, the actual shoulder, waist, and hip widths of 66 subjects were measured as a normative comparison to subjects' judgments of "typical" and "attractive" body proportions. Analyses indicated that sex-typed subjects used the "uncertain" rating less than did non-sex-typed subjects, and that males used that rating less than females did. Thus, sex-typed subjects and males showed a stronger tendency to classify stimuli by gender. Sex-typed subjects also tended to nominate more physically divergent male and female bodies as attractive than did non-sex-typed subjects; however, there were no effects of assessed masculinity or femininity on nominations of typical male and female bodies. In addition, the data provide evidence that subjects judged there to be greater physical differences between the sexes than actually exist. The results are discussed in terms of recent research on gender schemas and prototypes in person perception.
性别类型会影响一个人从身体线索中直接感知性别的能力吗？为了回答这个问题，进行了一项研究，47名女性和39名男性受试者在填写了贝姆性别角色量表后，观看了24个腰部和肩部宽度不同的身体轮廓。受试者被要求指出每个身体是女性还是男性，或者他们是否不确定其性别。受试者还从24个身体轮廓中选出他们认为最有吸引力和最典型的女性和男性身体。最后，测量了66名受试者的实际肩部、腰部和臀部宽度，作为与受试者对“典型”和“有吸引力”身体比例判断的规范比较。分析表明，性别类型明确的受试者比性别类型不明确的受试者更少使用“不确定”评级，并且男性比女性更少使用该评级。因此，性别类型明确的受试者和男性在按性别对刺激进行分类方面表现出更强的倾向。与性别类型不明确的受试者相比，性别类型明确的受试者也倾向于提名更多身体差异较大的男性和女性身体为有吸引力的身体；然而，评估的男性气质或女性气质对典型男性和女性身体的提名没有影响。此外，数据提供了证据表明受试者判断两性之间的身体差异比实际存在的更大。根据最近关于人际知觉中性别图式和原型的研究对结果进行了讨论。
