Alley T R, Kolker J I
Department of Psychology, Clemson University, SC 29634-1511.
Percept Mot Skills. 1988 Jun;66(3):815-22. doi: 10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.815.
Individuals with stronger sex-role identities may be expected to show greater conformity to sex-typed behaviors. Proceeding from this assumption, the sex-role status and sex of students using different styles of carrying books were compared. This study also examined whether over-all hand preference or age were related to carrying styles or sex-role status. Subjects completed a questionnaire comprised of the 24-item Personal Attributes Questionnaire of Spence and Helmreich, a 6-item scale of hand preference and a self-rating of sex-role identity. Afterwards, each subject's carrying style was covertly observed and recorded. Most subjects carried their materials in a sex-typical way or in book bags (for which no sex-typed carrying styles were discovered). As in previous studies, men in this study scored higher than women on masculinity and androgyny and lower on femininity. Hand preference was not related to sex-role status. Carrying style was not significantly correlated with any of the predictor variables for men, perhaps because almost no variance in carrying style was observed among them. Women who used masculine carrying styles tended to be older, have greater instrumentality, and a more masculine identity.
具有更强性别角色认同的个体可能会表现出对性别类型化行为更强的遵从性。基于这一假设，对使用不同方式携带书籍的学生的性别角色状况和性别进行了比较。本研究还考察了总体的利手偏好或年龄是否与携带方式或性别角色状况相关。受试者完成了一份问卷，其中包括斯彭斯和赫尔姆赖希的24项个人属性问卷、一份6项利手偏好量表以及一份性别角色认同自评。之后，对每个受试者的携带方式进行了暗中观察和记录。大多数受试者以符合性别特点的方式携带物品或使用书包（未发现书包存在性别类型化的携带方式）。与之前的研究一样，本研究中的男性在男性气质和双性化方面得分高于女性，在女性气质方面得分低于女性。利手偏好与性别角色状况无关。携带方式与男性的任何预测变量均无显著相关性，这可能是因为在他们当中几乎未观察到携带方式的差异。采用男性化携带方式的女性往往年龄更大，工具性更强，且具有更强烈的男性化身份认同。
