Koch H U, Haas R, Fischer W
Eur J Biochem. 1984 Jan 16;138(2):357-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb07923.x.
Pulse-chase experiments with [2-3H]glycerol and [14C]acetate revealed that in Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis plays a dominant role in membrane lipid metabolism. In the chase, 90% of the glycerophosphate moiety of phosphatidylglycerol was incorporated into the polymer: 25 phosphatidylglycerol + diglucosyldiacylglycerol leads to (glycerophospho)25-diglucosyldiacylglycerol + 25 diacylglycerol. Glycerophosphodiglucosyldiacylglycerol was shown to be an intermediate, confirming that the hydrophilic chain is polymerized on the final lipid anchor. Total phosphatidylglycerol served as the precursor pool and was estimated to turn over more than twice for lipoteichoic acid synthesis in one bacterial doubling. Of the resulting diacylglycerol approximately 10% was used for the synthesis of glycolipids and the lipid anchor of lipoteichoic acid. The majority of diacylglycerol recycled via phosphatidic acid to phosphatidylglycerol. Synthesis of bisphosphatidylglycerol was negligible and only a minor fraction of phosphatidylglycerol passed through the metabolically labile lysyl derivative. In contrast to normal growth, energy deprivation caused an immediate switch-over from the synthesis of lipoteichoic acid to the synthesis of bisphosphatidylglycerol.
用[2-³H]甘油和[¹⁴C]乙酸进行的脉冲追踪实验表明，在金黄色葡萄球菌中，脂磷壁酸的生物合成在膜脂代谢中起主导作用。在追踪过程中，磷脂酰甘油中90%的甘油磷酸部分被整合到聚合物中：25个磷脂酰甘油 + 二葡糖基二酰基甘油生成（甘油磷酸）₂₅-二葡糖基二酰基甘油 + 25个二酰基甘油。甘油磷酸二葡糖基二酰基甘油被证明是一种中间体，这证实了亲水链是在最终的脂质锚上聚合的。总磷脂酰甘油作为前体库，据估计在细菌每繁殖一代的过程中，其周转用于脂磷壁酸合成的次数超过两次。生成的二酰基甘油中约10%用于糖脂和脂磷壁酸脂质锚的合成。大部分二酰基甘油通过磷脂酸再循环生成磷脂酰甘油。双磷脂酰甘油的合成可以忽略不计，只有一小部分磷脂酰甘油通过代谢不稳定的赖氨酰衍生物。与正常生长相比，能量剥夺导致立即从脂磷壁酸的合成切换到双磷脂酰甘油的合成。
