Dobson V, Fulton A B, Sebris S L
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984 Jan;25(1):83-7.
Review of the cycloplegic refractions of all children who were first examined at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston between 1968 and 1978 revealed that 281 children between the ages of 0 and 9.5 years had astigmatism of 1 diopter (D) or greater but no other ophthalmological or neurological problems. In the 85 children under 3.5 years of age, against-the-rule astigmatism was 2.5 times more common than with-the-rule astigmatism, whereas in the 103 children over 5.5 years of age, with-the-rule astigmatism was three times as common as against-the-rule astigmatism. Eleven children who had been astigmatic as infants were recalled; follow-up refraction at ages 5-11 years revealed that all but three had at least a 0.75 D decrease in astigmatism. The remaining three had astigmatism equal in magnitude and axis to the astigmatism they had as infants. Thus, there is a high prevalence of against-the-rule astigmatism in infants and toddlers, which disappears by the time the children reach school age.
对1968年至1978年间在波士顿儿童医院首次接受检查的所有儿童的睫状肌麻痹验光结果进行回顾发现，281名年龄在0至9.5岁之间的儿童有1屈光度（D）或更高的散光，但没有其他眼科或神经学问题。在85名3.5岁以下的儿童中，逆规散光比顺规散光常见2.5倍，而在103名5.5岁以上的儿童中，顺规散光比逆规散光常见3倍。11名婴儿期有散光的儿童被召回；5至11岁时的随访验光显示，除3名儿童外，其他所有儿童的散光至少降低了0.75 D。其余3名儿童的散光度数和轴位与婴儿期的散光相同。因此，婴幼儿中逆规散光的患病率很高，到儿童入学时这种散光就会消失。
