Pietinen P, Dougherty R, Mutanen M, Leino U, Moisio S, Iacono J, Puska P
J Am Diet Assoc. 1984 Mar;84(3):313-8.
A dietary intervention study to reduce risk factors for coronary heart disease was carried out among 30 free-living middle-aged couples in North Karelia, Eastern Finland. During the study, the subjects changed their normal diet for six weeks. The main changes in the diet were decrease in the consumption of fat (from 39% to 24% of total calories), increase in the P:S ratio from 0.15 to 1.22, and increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. The changes in the food consumption pattern were facilitated by giving the families free food items, such as skim milk, vegetable margarine, vegetables, and fruit. The food consumption and nutrient intakes were measured by food consumption records kept every other day. Also, duplicate diets were collected once during each study period for chemical analysis. Compliance with the dietary changes was better than expected, and the acceptability and the palatability of the diet were reported to be good. The decrease in the fat content of the diet increased the nutrient density of the diet; i.e., the concentration of vitamins and minerals improved. This study showed how even more drastic dietary changes than those recommended by health authorities can be realized among ordinary Finnish people.
在芬兰东部北卡累利阿的30对自由生活的中年夫妇中开展了一项旨在降低冠心病风险因素的饮食干预研究。在研究期间，受试者改变其正常饮食六周。饮食的主要变化包括脂肪摄入量减少（从总热量的39%降至24%）、P:S比值从0.15增至1.22，以及水果和蔬菜摄入量增加。通过向家庭提供免费食品，如脱脂牛奶、植物人造黄油、蔬菜和水果，促进了食物消费模式的改变。食物消费和营养摄入通过每隔一天记录的食物消费记录来衡量。此外，在每个研究期间收集一次重复饮食用于化学分析。对饮食变化的依从性比预期更好，并且据报告该饮食的可接受性和适口性良好。饮食中脂肪含量的降低提高了饮食的营养密度；即维生素和矿物质的浓度得到改善。这项研究表明，即使是比卫生当局建议的更为剧烈的饮食变化，在普通芬兰人当中也是可以实现的。
