Schaller K H, Schneider L, Hall G, Valentin H
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1984 Jan;178(5-6):446-63.
The blood Cd-concentration of 670 inhabitants of cities and rural districts (386 children, 175 men and 109 women) was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The cadmium levels ranged from 0.3 micrograms Cd/1 to 7.3 micrograms Cd/1 blood with a median value of 0.9 micrograms Cd/1. Splitting up the whole collective according to the different living areas, the inhabitants of München, Neustadt and Nürnberg suburbs showed medians between 0.8 and 0.9 micrograms Cd/l blood. Higher medians (1.4 and 1.2 micrograms/l blood) have been calculated for the people living in Weiden and Nürnberg central area. The measured levels and medians correspond with the results of the newer national and international literature. There is no correlation of cadmium levels in blood and age or sex. The median for non smoking women and for children comes to 0.9 and for non smoking men to 0.8 micrograms Cd/l blood. The cadmium concentrations in blood are significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. The group of nonsmokers shows a median of 0.9 micrograms Cd/l, for smokers consuming 20 cigarettes or less a day there is a median of 1.7 micrograms Cd/l while the group smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day has a median value of 2.50 micrograms Cd/l. Except one value all levels higher than 2.50 micrograms Cd/l belong to the group of smokers. The feasibility of blood cadmium analysis for biological screening of population with regard to environmental exposure is discussed.
采用电热原子吸收光谱法测定了670名城乡居民（386名儿童、175名男性和109名女性）的血镉浓度。镉水平范围为每升血液0.3微克镉至7.3微克镉，中位数为每升血液0.9微克镉。根据不同居住区域对整个群体进行划分，慕尼黑、新施塔特和纽伦堡郊区的居民血镉中位数在每升血液0.8微克至0.9微克之间。居住在魏登和纽伦堡市中心地区的人群计算出的中位数较高（每升血液1.4微克和1.2微克）。测量的水平和中位数与最新的国内和国际文献结果相符。血镉水平与年龄或性别无关。不吸烟女性和儿童的中位数为每升血液0.9微克，不吸烟男性为每升血液0.8微克镉。吸烟者的血镉浓度明显高于不吸烟者。不吸烟组的中位数为每升血液0.9微克，每天吸20支或更少香烟的吸烟者中位数为每升血液1.7微克，而每天吸超过20支香烟的吸烟者组中位数为每升血液2.50微克。除一个值外，所有高于每升血液2.50微克的水平都属于吸烟者组。讨论了血镉分析用于人群环境暴露生物筛查的可行性。
